What will people look like when they move to Mars?

 In the late 1930s, humans will fly to Mars on schedule for the first time in history. The journey will be long - according to NASA calculations, it will take about 500 days to cover 55.76 million kilometers. During this time, the astronauts' muscles will weaken due to the lack of gravity, and at first, they will have to travel by a special car. The first mission to Mars lasted only about a month. If all goes well, flights to the Red Planet will become regular and a human colony will eventually be established there. Since the human body is adapted to live on Earth, Martian conditions have a huge impact on the health of migrants. Some scientists believe that humans who remain on Mars will continue to evolve for many hundreds of years and will eventually cease to be Earthlings. I wonder what they will become?

The future of mankind on Mars worries many scientists. Martian conditions will be alien to man and will certainly affect the appearance of a man. Here are some of the main factors that can change a person's appearance:

• the force of gravity - it is smaller on Mars and is only 38% of what is on Earth;
• Mars climate - the average air temperature on Mars is -60 degrees, and at the poles, it can drop to -125 degrees Celsius;
• lack of oxygen - Mars's atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide;
• no ozone layer - the planet Mars is highly exposed to cosmic radiation.

Of course, there are other factors, such as lack of food and other living creatures, but the ones mentioned above will have the greatest impact on humans. Mars is unlikely to welcome humans with open arms, and astronauts will have difficulties. Considering all these features of Mars, scientists are trying to predict what humans will become when they move to another planet.

Perhaps people will become short and strong. In the 1970s, astronauts who walked on the moon noticed that walking was difficult for them. The same discomfort can be experienced by people upon arrival on Mars. Due to low gravity, bone structure can change over time - it becomes denser, which reduces the human height. At the same time, they will be stronger than we are. Most of all, the inhabitants of Mars can become short.

To make it easier to grasp objects, their arms can be lengthened. At the same time, the big toes will move a little to the side to give people stability. In general, future inhabitants of Mars will be somewhat reminiscent of the Hobbits of The Lord of the Rings. The inhabitants of Mars will be strongly affected by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. To protect against this, the body is likely to produce more melanin pigment, which absorbs harmful radiation and gives the skin a dark shade. It is possible for people to raise carotenoids - if they do, then the skin will turn orange. So the inhabitants of Mars will change their skin color.

There is little oxygen on Mars, so at first, people will only have to walk in space suits. It is possible that over time a person's respiratory organs adapt to new conditions - these changes may be reflected on the face. For example, people on Mars may have enlarged or smaller nostrils, larger or smaller mouths, and so on. In addition, Martians are more likely to have their eyes cut out to protect them from sandstorms. The faces of the inhabitants of Mars will change.

In addition to external changes, there will also be internal changes. For example, on a lifeless planet, humans may eventually lose their immunity to diseases on Earth. This will make it difficult for Martians to communicate with Earthlings - any contact can cause an epidemic. Perhaps the inhabitants of Mars will have poor immunity.

Besides, it is unclear how cosmic rays affect humans. Of course, it will kill you at first - many believe that evolution will not save us from it. There are scientists who do not rule out that the human body will somehow learn to protect against radiation.