Thursday, March 31, 2022

Were we happy in the 90s?

 "BACK THERE WERE TIMES ..." - WE REMEMBER WITH NOSTALGIA, COLORFUL 90s. DID YOU HAVE ANYTHING THOUGHT WHY THE 90s ARE SO WELL-FRIENDLY TO US?

The good old 90s. Flavored with Bambino ice cream and Turbo gum. With stamps filled with Sailor Moon cards. He flies with a Pegasus joystick in his hand. He flies with Walkman headphones on his ears and the First Communion tower on the wall unit. It flies in the warmth of the sun, with the wind in your hair. In constant pursuit of the ball, which inevitably landed at the furious neighbor.

I always had torn knees and elbows. I have had extreme accidents on the fold. I used to come home for medical and psychological consultations, and my parents sanitized my injuries with hydrogen peroxide. With tears in my eyes, I gritted my teeth and learned to be tough. So now I sit and drink hot cocoa, remembering those times. A feeling of longing and joy arises in me that I could experience all these adventures.

You know what? I even turned on a compilation from the 90s on Spotify. Do you know what the first song came on?

What the hell! You will suffer with me - let go of this number.

"90's." - for this slogan every one million twenty-five associations are born in the head. These are mostly fond memories or a sigh - “it used to be easier, we were happy”.

And it is precisely this happiness of the past years that I would like to talk to you about.

We mainly associate iconic items with the 90s. They bring to mind the most specific memories.

A while ago I was playing Pegasus in Ninja Turtles (my favorite was Donatello because it was purple). I noticed that it practically did not amuse me at all. Only when I was playing with others did it get interesting.

Imagine having a choice of plain ice lolly and McFlurry from Mcdonald's. Of course, the McFlurry will be tastier. Imagine having a choice of orangeade in a white glass bottle for 40 cents and excellent wine from Tuscany. The choice is obvious - today you will choose the wine, not only because you are 18 years of age or older. You just can afford it.

And yet it is Turbo gum, orangeade for 40 cents, and warm ice cream that evoke very strong associations. It is not their value or taste that matters, but the context with which they are related. Usually, this orangeade was drunk with friends, biting with clubs, and in "Ninja Turtles" you played with your brother. It is the fact that we have shared experiences with others that make them so valuable.

Back then, these items did not matter much. The fact that they gave us so much joy is the result of the experiences we experienced when we used them.

So you will ask:

What was it about those old years that attract us today?

Is it just plain nostalgia for a carefree time? We didn't have to be responsible, because then my parents took care of everything ...

Is it really a lack of responsibility? I do not think so. After all, responsibility is still being pursued today. People who take managerial positions, parents, coaches - after all, they are responsible for others. Often even proud. So we do not shy away from responsibility. After all, you want to be promoted yourself, do your own businesses, give birth to children - you accept more and more responsibility. Nobody is forcing you. So there is no point in sighing for this lack of responsibility from childhood because it is only an illusion.

"We had a little more exclusivity"

So I think we are approaching the most subcutaneous layers. We miss genuine closeness to other people and this exclusive atmosphere. We had a little more exclusivity. Our meetings were not disturbed by the beeping telephone, and the voice of my mother calling for dinner did not have GPS coverage. Our experiences were more saturated and more contrasting - expressive.

As children, we didn't have much - a few pennies for ice cream, maybe a few toys, and a bicycle. But each day was rich in new experiences. Everything was new and exciting. Each exit to the yard was an adventure. We had energy, some time, and the willingness to act. We were not afraid to try new things.

With time, we grow up and forget about this childhood excitement, because society requires us to be those sad clones, reflected from a template under the name of "adulthood". In our head, the flick switches from "being" to "having". We want husbands and wives, we want houses, we want cars, a lot of money, and a great job. And how often do we ask ourselves "who do we want to be?"

“If I have such and such a husband, I will be happy”, “if I have this job, I will be happy”, “if I have such a car, I will be happy”. I do not want to make mystical considerations about materialism here, but you will not be happy with things and people.

It's about experiencing. Looking at some period of our life we ​​say - "yes then, I was happy". We generalize this state as much as possible. This is because the accumulation of these happy micro-moments was very high back then. This is probably how the cliché "happiness lasts only a few moments" was born. It may be a truism, but there is something to it. After all, 24/7 you don't experience the feeling of happiness. You are a little hungry, a little happy, you are a little worried, you are a little waiting, you are a little thoughtful. And happy? Only sometimes.

The 90s was also a time when we could have fun. Do not worry that it is not appropriate - children do. This freedom allowed us to take full advantage of these happy moments. Today, when someone is having a good time and we don't understand it, we consider him a fool.

If we translate the features of children's behavior into our contemporary reality, I am sure that the joy of the 90s will appear also today.

So what are we missing?

  • curiosity about the world
  • willingness to try new things
  • openness
  • ignoring stereotypes
  • willingness to have fun together
  • joy from shared moments
  • enjoying the little things
  • honesty
  • simplicity in expressing emotions

It was not some extraordinary magic of the 90s that made these times extraordinary. Who we gave us the opportunity to feel happiness even more. I know it seems difficult. We are a bit ashamed, a bit afraid of what others will say, a bit we don't know how to do it. Notice that each generation remembers its childhood with the same nostalgia. Later on Facebook groups - "Born in the 80s", "70s lovers", "60s generation" and so on. Is it possible to arouse the enthusiasm of childhood in yourself today?

And what do you think? How to ditch this joy from the '90s?

Rebecca Coriam - disappeared during a Disney cruise Emanuela Orlandi - the mysterious disappearance of a 15-year-old girl from the Vatican

 Rebecca Coriam was born on March 11, 1987, in Chester, England. The girl, also called Bex, lived there throughout her childhood with her parents, Rachael's sister, and two foster brothers. She graduated from the local Chester Catholic High School and worked at the Chester Zoo, along with several of her relatives. There is also a bench in the zoo commemorating her grandfather Kevin and grandmother Dolores.

Rebecca has lived a busy life. As a teenager, she began studying at a military school. As a volunteer, she also took part in several outdoor events. Then she chose to study sports at the University of Plymouth. With time, she also began her education at Liverpool Hope University. These studies prepared graduates to work with young people. The woman did not stop at the theory - she also had experience in working with young people. For four months she worked as a trainer at a sports camp in Maine (USA) as part of the Camp America program.

In June 2010, Coriam began the next chapter in her life - she went to London for an interview. She applied for a job with Disney Cruise Line, a cruise line company. When she got the job, she went to training. It took place at Disney theme parks in Florida, so Bex again set off on a trip to the other side of the Atlantic.

After four months of cruising the Bahamas, the 23-year-old began a two-month vacation in the UK, spending time with family and friends. When she came back, she worked on the Disney Wonder ship (one of the three that the company had in early 2011). The ship's home base was Los Angeles. Coriam has visited all the places on the Mexican Riviera where "Disney Wonder" has stayed. It also flowed through the Panama Canal. She then returned to Chester for two weeks due to the death of her grandfather. It was the last time Rebecca saw her family (of course no one knew at the time).

After these several days, the woman had to return to her duties on the "Disney Wonder" ship. At that time, she kept in touch with her family via Facebook and Skype. On March 21, 2011 (six weeks after returning to work), the ship left Los Angeles. On that day, Coriam sent her last message to her parents via Facebook. She wrote that she would call the next day. The 24-year-old's mother and father (Rebecca had her birthday ten days earlier) didn't care at first about the lack of contact, thinking their daughter must be overworked and tired. The parents became concerned, however, when twelve hours had passed without any sign of life on their daughter's part.

Coriam didn't know yet that on that day at 09:00 local time, Coriam missed the start of her shift. The ship was then off the coast of Mexico on its way to Puerto Vallarta and Cabo San Lucas. The British woman was not in her cabin or anywhere else on the ship. Bex also did not react to the crew's announcements. When the surveillance footage was checked, cameras caught Rebecca at 5:45 AM. Previously, an anonymous source said to have been a crew member claimed the 24-year-old fell overboard around 3:00 AM, nearly three hours earlier, which proved to be ultimately not true. In the recorded video, Coriam was in the crew area talking on the phone. She seemed distraught. A younger co-worker then approached Rebecca and probably asked if she was okay. You can clearly read the lips that the woman replied, "Yes, good." After these words, Rebecca hung up. Then she walked away, tucking her hair back and tucking her hands into the back pockets of her pants. The missing woman's parents admitted that these were distinctive gestures that Coriam often made. No one has seen the woman since then.

The crew searched the entire ship. The ships of the US Coast Guard and the Mexican Navy, however, checked the nearby waters. However, no traces were found. As the vessel she worked on was registered in the Bahamas, a detective from the Royal Bahamas Police Force (RBPF) was delegated to investigate. It happened three days after the woman had disappeared. The ship then returned to Los Angeles. Investigators reportedly spent several days on board trying to figure out what happened to Rebecca.

Mike and Annmaria Coriam, the parents of the 24-year-old, flew from England to the port where the ship docked. They met a detective from the Bahamas who confessed to them that he only spent one day onboard investigating, then returned home. The detective also said that he only interviewed a few crew members. However, he did not speak to any of the passengers. The Coriam claimed that Disney employees kept them in a car with darkened windows and escorted them on board through a rarely used side entrance. This happened after all the passengers had already disembarked.

The captain of the ship expressed his condolences to the family. He also put forward his theory that Rebecca was thrown overboard by a wave while she was in the crew pool. The missing woman's parents doubted it because of the high walls surrounding the pool. They were then taken to meet the Disney executives and the woman Rebecca spoke to on the phone. The Coriams, however, learned nothing that would help find their daughter.

The day before the first anniversary of the British woman's disappearance, her father received an email from a woman claiming to have seen Rebecca with a dark-haired man in Venice last August. The woman said she was "85% sure" that she had noticed the missing person. She remembered the whole incident when she came across a website created by the family. The Coriams, however, wondered how Rebecca could have gotten to Italy without a passport, which was among the other items left in the woman's cabin.

In October 2011, journalist Jon Ronson went on a cruise along the same route. During its duration, he decided to discreetly question the employees of "Disney Wonder" about the missing girl. Several of the crew who were on board the day Rebecca disappeared agreed to speak to the man anonymously. They suggested that more is known about her fate than Disney or the Bahamian police have publicly admitted. A few were more careful. "That didn't happen," the bartender told Ronson. "You know that's the answer I have to give," he added. Ronson searched carefully all the places on the ship to which passengers had access. The journalist thought that Rebecca might have slipped and fell overboard while jogging on the jogging track on Deck 4. He concluded that the woman had regularly exercised this way and that the rails were low enough for an accident to occur. . On the other hand, it was a place monitored by cameras.

Ronson shared this theory with one of the crew members who told him otherwise. According to a ship worker, Coriam did fall overboard, but it was supposed to happen on deck 5. "I was on the ship that day," he said, then added, "Everyone knows." The flip-flops found nearby were to be the evidence.

As the journalist looked at the crew pool from the bow of Deck 10, he doubted his initial theory. There was a wall of steel around the railings high enough to completely obstruct the view. One of the crew explained that it is a popular place among the ship's employees who prefer to spend their free time there rather than in their very small cabins. Ronson also noticed security cameras near the pool. But he wasn't sure if they were there when they disappeared, or if they were not placed until after the incident. The man saw no possibility that anyone could jump or fall from there. However, all crew members he spoke to insisted that Coriam fell overboard while in the crew pool. "Disney knows exactly what happened," said one of them. “Everything is monitored here. There are cameras everywhere. Disney has the tape, ”he added. At the end of the voyage, another crew member explained to the investigating journalist that although the walls around the pool were high, the sea was rough that day and Rebecca could have fallen overboard, especially as it was slippery on board.

The same person also mentioned that a friend had once been delegated to bring one of the passengers inside the ship during a storm. The infraction of being on the poolside terrace in these atmospheric conditions was so serious that Disney sent the person home halfway through the trip.

After the reporter returned from the cruise, he was contacted by "Melissa". The woman told Ronson that the day after Rebecca's disappearance, flowers were laid next to the pool, apparently by the company. According to the informant, this symbolic gesture made everything even more strange. With the consent of Coriam, the journalist described his findings in the British newspaper The Guardian.

Since Rebecca was not found on the ship despite careful searches, investigators concluded that the woman had fallen overboard, possibly as a result of a so-called monstrous wave. The Coriams and their lawyer say they never received a copy of the final report promised by the Bahamas police. British officials who received these documents refused repeated requests for copies under the Freedom of Information Act. The reason for the refusal was that the report contained confidential personal data.

One crew member told Ronson that Coriam's last phone call had been recorded. Many friends believed that the interlocutor was her boyfriend. "She was in a relationship and there were problems that troubled her," she told journalist "Melissa". “It was a very intense relationship. Once it was great, then horrible ... I can't think of any other reason why she would be upset and wander alone at 6 am, ”she added. The secret informant, however, claimed that Coriam was speaking on the phone not with her partner, but with a mutual friend.

On the anniversary of the woman's disappearance, her parents told reporters of the Liverpool Echo newspaper that they had heard of a young woman and an elderly man who were to be involved in a love triangle with their daughter. The Corian asked the alleged lovers to report to them, but this did not happen. The missing person's parents also revealed that Disney reportedly sent additional footage to the FBI to analyze and improve their quality, but couldn't say what the footage would contain.

Parents recalled that their daughter was always cheerful and full of optimism. These features were to ensure her work on the ship. When the Corian visited their daughter's apartment after her disappearance, they found the Disneyland Paris tickets she had obtained for them and her sister. Rebecca was probably planning to surprise them, and she wanted to give them this gift the next time she came home. These plans, as well as the constant exchange of messages with her mother on Facebook, contradict the opinion of the closest theories that the missing woman committed suicide.

"Melissa" last saw Coriam around 11:00 PM on the last night before her disappearance. The woman told Ronson that Rebecca could go to the crew pool (one of her favorite spots on the ship) to be alone and rest for a while. While there, she could climb and sit on the wall and then fall off the wall. According to her friend, the missing girl liked the risk.

Melissa did not believe that the flip-flops allegedly found near the pool, which were among the belongings returned to Coriam's parents, were hers. "Mike and Ann showed them to me," she told Ronson. “They were too big. They didn't fit her style. There were pink, flowery, and Hawaiian. I've never seen her wear them. Why didn't Disney come to me or another friend and say, "Can you identify them as Bex?"

Coriam later found the flaps too small. Nor did they find anyone on the ship who saw their daughter wearing them. Parents also found out that the shoes had not been subjected to any forensic examination. In 2016, private detectives working for the missing family said they had finally determined that the flip-flops did not belong to Rebecca. They noticed that not only were they not her style, but also had the name of another crew member and the cabin number. Coriam admitted that this discovery led them to strongly doubt Disney's claims that their daughter was found in the pool. They also stopped believing the theory that Rebecca was swept away from there by a wave or fell overboard.

It was also noted that in the video of the last telephone conversation, Rebecca's clothes appear very large. Her friends and crewmates speculated that they might belong to someone else. According to Labor MP Chris Matheson, who has represented Chester's constituency since the 2015 election, Coriam has been the victim of a crime, possibly murder or sexual harassment. The politician claimed to have a copy of the original police report with "convincing" evidence in this regard.

John Anderson, a private investigator who worked with Coriam and Matheson, determined that the sea was fairly calm that night, which casts doubt on Disney's "rogue wave" claim. The man added that a wave capable of throwing the woman overboard would probably also cause visible damage to the ship.

Baron John Prescott, former Deputy Prime Minister of Tony Blair's government and then plenipotentiary of the House of Lords, also took an interest in the case. The man believed Rebecca had been thrown overboard. He also called for legislation to allow British authorities to investigate the deaths of their own nationals on cruise ships operating in international waters.

In 2017, Bex's colleague on the ship's crew, Tracie Medley, admitted that women were forming a love triangle with Tracie's boyfriend Deven Hyde. The woman added that on the one hand, Coriam liked the situation, and on the other, she did not know where it was all going and had doubts. But Medley did not know what happened to her mistress.

Ronson said Coriam was not receiving any information from Disney or the RBPF about the progress of the investigation at the time of publishing his article. "When we call anyone, they just say an investigation is ongoing," said Mike Coriam. “We tried to send e-mails telling them how we felt, how it was getting harder and harder… But nothing. It just '[Investigation] continues'. " The Bahamas policeman assigned to the case never even called Ronson back.

The Coriam joined the criticism of the investigation by British politicians, Rebecca's friends among the ship's crew, and the families of victims of similar incidents at sea. The latter in particular noticed that 170 passengers and crew had disappeared from cruise ships since 2000. Most of these incidents have not been seriously investigated or made public. All critics have argued that Disney, like other cruise companies, is primarily interested in avoiding the adverse publicity surrounding the Coriam disappearance case. In November 2011, Stephen Mosley, then an MP, wanted to raise interest in the House of Commons. "The investigation into Rebecca's disappearance was terrifying," he told Mike Penning, the minister of shipping. "The Bahamian authorities have made virtually no attempt to investigate Rebecca's disappearance," he continued. "Very few people know that when they board a cruise ship they are so poorly protected."

Many people believe that the Bahamas, often criticized for the low standards of registering ships under their "comfortable flag", did not have the experience and capacity to deal with such a complicated matter. Penning has announced that the Marine Accident Investigation Division will investigate all deaths and disappearances of British citizens from ships anywhere in the world. The United States had made a similar decision earlier. The then US president, Barack Obama, signed a bill authorizing the FBI to investigate the death or disappearance of an American citizen. The UK government was also expected to work through the International Maritime Organization to strengthen cooperation between countries on such investigations. Penning was also critical of Disney. He said the company was "more interested in returning the ship to sea than in investigating the case of a missing member of their crew."

Kendall Carver also spoke on the matter. The American founded the International Cruise Victims lobby group after his daughter disappeared from the Celebrity Mercury in 2004. Carver said: “On cruise ships they have, and I quote, security officers, but they work for cruise lines. They won't do anything if the lines are to be sued. "

Critical Miami lawyer Jim Walker, who runs the Cruise Law News blog, agreed. "The Coriam family doesn't deserve a Mickey Mouse game," commented Ronson's article. Walker later represented Rebecca's parents in a trial against Disney before American courts. In 2015, a settlement was concluded with the company (its amount has not been disclosed). According to her arrangements, the parents were not to raise the matter in public.

Carver and Walker believe Disney has more evidence than it has provided, most notably the video surveillance of the pool area. In their opinion, the company is hiding the truth about what happened out of fear of undesirable publicity. "If there's a video showing your daughter going overboard," Carver told Ronson, "that's the end of the story. There's no way anyone could get off the ship without being caught by cameras. " Melissa told Ronson it was unbelievable there wouldn't be any footage. The swimming pool is located near important offices such as Human Resources and Payroll, where money and confidential documents were kept. The woman believes that Disney is trying to cover up the matter because of protection against allegations of negligence. The pool was located in such a place that someone should have seen a possible accident. "If it was 6 am and they were doing their job and watching the front, someone must have seen her," she told Ronson. "And if they didn't, they hide why they didn't."

A Disney spokesman declined to comment on details as to whether there was a telephone call tape or additional surveillance video. But he added, "We would like to know what happened, as everyone did ... Rebecca's disappearance was difficult and painful for everyone." Unfortunately, the matter remains unsolved to this day.

Most of the most famous disappearances probably concern US residents. However, probably every country has at least one interesting and unsolved disappearance case. It is no different in the case of the smallest country in the world, i.e. the Vatican. I invite you to read this intriguing story.

Emanuela Orlandi was born on January 14, 1968, in the capital of Italy, Rome. The girl was the fourth of five children of Ercole and Maria Orlandi (née Pezzano). She had three sisters: Natalina, Federica, and Maria Cristina, and brother Pietro. The teenager's father worked at the Vatican Bank or another institution (it could not be clearly established). In any case, the family lived in the Vatican. Orlandi attended the second year of high school in Rome. Three times a week she also attended flute lessons at the Tommaso Ludovico Da Victoria school, connected with the Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music. The teenager was also a member of the choir of the Church of Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri in the Vatican. Emanuela usually took the bus to the music school. After a few stops, she got out of the vehicle, and then she had about 200 meters to walk.

On Wednesday, June 22, 1983, the 15-year-old was late for class. She had asked her brother that day to go with her to the class by bus, but he had other obligations. "I have thought about it so many times, telling myself that if I had only accompanied her, it might not have happened," he recalled several decades later.

Later that day, Emanuela called home and spoke to one of her sisters. The 15-year-old said she had received a job offer from an Avon representative. The sister suggested that she discuss the matter with your parents first before making any decisions. Orlandi allegedly met with an Avon representative shortly before the music lesson, according to some reports. At the end of the class, the teenager told her friend about the job offer. The girl escorted Emanuela to the bus stop and continued walking. Orlandi was last seen getting into a large, dark BMW.

On Thursday, June 23, at 3 p.m., Orlandi's parents called the principal of the music school to ask if any of their classmates had any information about their daughter. Police suggested that the girl was just hanging out with friends and that she would be home soon. This, however, did not happen. The fifteen-year-old girl was officially declared missing before the end of that day. Soon after, Il Tempo, Paese Sera, and Il Messaggero began publishing information about the disappearance of Emanuela. The articles also included the phone number of the Orlandi family if anyone had information about their daughter.

On Saturday, June 25, at 6 p.m., a call was received from a young man who claimed he was 16 and his name was Pierluigi. He reported that he and his fiancée had met the missing person in Piazza Navona that afternoon. The teenager mentioned the Orlandi flute, her hair and glasses that the girl didn't like to wear, and other details to match her. According to an alleged witness, Emanuel, she changed her hairstyle and introduced herself as Barbarella. She also said that she just ran away from home and sells Avon products.

On June 28, a man who introduced himself as Mario called the family and announced that he owned a bar near Ponte Vittorio, between the Vatican and a music school. He said a new customer of his bar, Barbara, had confided in him that she had run away from home but was going to return for her sister's wedding. On June 30, 3,000 posters depicting a photograph of a missing teenager were put up in Rome.

On Sunday, July 3, Pope John Paul II during the Angelus prayer appealed to those responsible for the disappearance of Orlandi. It was the first time that the hypothesis of the kidnapping of a girl had been publicly presented. Two days later, the 15-year-old's family received the first of many anonymous calls. The informant claimed that Emanuela was a prisoner of a terrorist group demanding the release of Mehmet Ali Agca, a Turk who carried out an unsuccessful attempt on the Pope in May 1981. No other information was provided. More phone calls were received in the days that followed, including one from a man nicknamed "American" for his distinctive accent. The "American" played a recording of the missing person's voice during the conversation. A few hours later, the same man suggested replacing Orlandi with Agca. An anonymous caller mentioned "Mario" and "Pierluigi" from earlier phone calls, describing them as members of the organization.

On July 6, a man with a young voice and American accent informed ANSA about the demand to replace Orlandi with Agca. He asked for the Pope to be involved in this matter within a maximum of 20 days. He also added that the basket in the square in front of the Parliament would contain evidence that Emanuela was indeed in their hands. They were supposed to be: a photocopy of her music school ID, a receipt and a note handwritten by the kidnapped one. However, the judge who oversaw the case did not believe there was a credible link between the 15-year-old's kidnapping and the bomber.

On July 8, a man with a Middle Eastern accent called one of Orlandi's classmates saying the teenager was in his hands. He gave an ultimatum of 20 days to trade with Agca. The man also asked to speak to the then Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli. In total, the "American" made 16 phone calls from various public telephone boxes.

On the morning of May 14, 2001, the pastor of the Church of Gregory VII in Rome discovered a bag left in the confessional. There was an image of Padre Pio on it. Inside, a jawless human skull of small dimensions was found. However, it has not been confirmed that it belonged to the missing person.

Theories about the disappearance

1) Linking the case with Ali Agca

Mehmet Ali Agca once stated that Orlandi was kidnapped by Bulgarian agents of the Gray Wolves, a Turkish ultra-nationalist neo-fascist youth organization of which he was once a member. The attacker also talked about the missing RAI during an interview for Italian state television. He was then serving a prison sentence. He then said that the girl was alive and not in danger. Interestingly, he added that Emanuela lives in the monastery. However, he denied having detailed information about the girl's fate. He argued that his words were based on deductions. With no evidence to back up these claims, the case was closed in July 1997.

In mid-2000, Judge Ferdinando Imposimato, based on what he had learned about the Gray Wolves, concluded that Orlandi had assimilated into the Muslim community and probably had been living in Paris for a long time. The man remains the only supporter of this idea and the connection of the disappearance with Agca.

In a letter published in 2006, Ali Agca announced that Emanuela Orlandi and Mirella Gregori, another girl who also disappeared in 1983, had been abducted as part of a plan to secure his release from prison. He claimed that the girls were deported to the royal palace in Liechtenstein. Agca was temporarily released from prison in Istanbul after serving 25 years in Italy and Turkey for the murder of Abdi İpekçi, a respected Turkish journalist. The man was quickly re-imprisoned, and his release was called a mistake. Agca was finally released from a Turkish prison in January 2010.

On November 9, 2010, an interview with Agca was broadcast on the Turkish state television TRT. It was the first interview with a man since he was released from prison. In it, Agca stated that the Vatican had organized the coup. He also added that the missing person was imprisoned in the Holy See, and then ended up in a Catholic order in one of the Central European countries. According to the assassin, the Orlandi family can see their daughter whenever they want, but the woman is not allowed to leave the monastery walls.

2) Participation of members of an organized crime group

In 2011, Antonio Mancini, a former member of the Italian gang Banda della Magliana, suggested that the Orlandi kidnapping was organized by the organization he came from. The group carried out several different actions against the Vatican to enforce the repayment of large sums of money they had lent to the Vatican Bank through Roberto Calvi and the Banco Ambrosiano bank, of which it was president. On May 14, 2012, Italian police opened the grave of gangster Enrico De Pedis (1954-1990) to collect DNA samples. In 2005, an anonymous caller called Italian TV and said evidence was found that could help police explain Orlandi's disappearance. In 2008, De Pedis's ex-girlfriend said a man once confessed to her that he had kidnapped Orlandi. However, no evidence was found in the tomb that would link the gangster with the missing one.

3) The theory of the sex scandal in the Vatican

In May 2012, renewed interest in the case led the police to search De Pedis' tomb. The 85-year-old exorcist, Father Gabriele Amorth, then confessed that Emanuela had been kidnapped by a member of the Vatican gendarmerie. She was supposed to take part in erotic events and then be murdered. Amorth added that embassy officials were also involved. However, he did not reveal the diplomats in which particular country was meant.

Unfortunately, it has not been possible to establish what really happened with the missing person to this day. Her father Ercole, who died in 2004, a month after giving the last interview, did not get to know the truth. The other members still hope that one day they will see Emanuela safe and sound.

The most mysterious disappearances that are hard to believe

 It is worth it for a person or group of people to disappear without a trace, to start building all sorts of, sometimes supernatural versions of what happened. The people in this compilation have disappeared once and for all and their stories have become legends and rumors.

When a person disappears, and worse - a group of people, it always raises questions. And also gives rise to a lot of rumors. Sometimes there are urban legends and other amazing stories. Most of the people on this list have disappeared for unknown reasons and their whereabouts, dead or alive, have not been disclosed. However, if the disappearance of ships in the Bermuda Triangle can still be tried to be explained logically, then how can a person in a wheelchair disappear after a stroke, leaving only a cloak?

1. The fearless explorer Percy Fawcett was last seen in 1925 while he and his son Jack were searching for an ancient lost city in the Brazilian jungles. Many suspected that they had been killed by local residents or torn to shreds by animals. Even more absurd versions have been proposed, for example, that Fawcett became the head of the tribe. His image partially inspired Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to create a literary character - Professor Challenger.

2. At the end of the 16th century, a group of English colonists established a settlement on the island of Roanoke in present-day Carolina. John White, artist and friend of Sir Walter Raleigh, was appointed governor. In 1587, the White sailed briefly to England, and three years later returned to Roanoke. Upon arriving on the island, he found the colony empty. They all disappeared without a trace, including England's first child, Virginia Dair. To this day, no one knows what happened to the "lost colony".

3. In 1809, Benjamin Bathurst, a British diplomat, mysteriously disappeared in Germany while staying at a hotel. Various versions of his disappearance have been discussed in the press: it could have been a murder, kidnapping by the French government, or suicide...

4. In 1763 a scandal broke out in the quiet village of Shepton Mallet. Owen Parfitt, 60, who had a stroke and could barely move, disappeared sitting in a chair by the entrance to his sister's house. After him there is only a coat. Investigating the incident led to nothing, the mystery remained unsolved.

5. Royal Fleet diver Lionel "Buster" Crabbe mysteriously disappeared in 1956 when he was sent to spy on a Soviet ship. The Russian later claimed to have killed Crabbe when he discovered he was installing a magnetic mine on the ship's hull. Some believe that he was captured and taken to the Soviet Union.

6. One of Britain's greatest undiscovered secrets is the disappearance of three lighthouse keepers on the Scottish island of Flannan in December 1900. Versions of their disappearances ranged from alien abduction to murder. But, most likely, it will just get confused by the sea during a storm.

7. British explorer George Bass became famous for his research in Australia. In February 1803 he traveled to Tahiti and the Spanish colonies on the coast of Chile and did not return. Some historians have suggested that he may have participated in the smuggling out of Chile and killed there. In this photo, you can see his image on a postage stamp.

8. On November 8, 1974, the day after his children's nanny was found beaten by his ex-wife, the British Lord Lucan disappeared. Although reports of him came from all over the world, they were never discovered. In 1999, he was officially pronounced dead.

9. When Edward IV died unexpectedly in 1483, his brother Richard III took the throne, declaring Edward's two younger sons illegitimate. They settled in the Tower of London and disappeared shortly afterward. Popular legend has it that Richard killed the children, but the secret remains to this day.

10. In 1948, a British plane carrying 31 passengers disappeared around the infamous Bermuda Triangle. During the investigation, neither fragments nor bodies were found. The scientists involved admit that they didn't have to solve any more difficult tasks than this. A year later, another British plane disappeared into the air somewhere between Bermuda and Jamaica.

11. The mysterious disappearance of Agatha Christie for 11 days in 1926 is the same mystery as printed in her detective novels. The writer, who was eventually discovered at the Harrogate Hotel, never explained why she disappeared. Popular versions are considered a nervous breakdown and a desire to embarrass or worry the husband (who then announced his desire to divorce). Others think it's just an advertising gimmick...

12. Victor Grayson, who became the first Socialist elected to the English Parliament, mysteriously disappeared one evening in 1920, telling friends that he had to stop at the Queen Hotel in Leicester Square for a short time. It was rumored that the deputy had made several enemies in the highest echelons of power. He was allegedly killed in order to stem an investigation he was conducting over government corruption.

13. In 1845 British explorer Sir John Franklin and his 128-strong team disappeared after they set out in search of the Northwest Passage. It is not known exactly what happened to the crew. An analysis of human remains found at Beachy and King William in the 1980s suggests that after their ships got stuck in the ice, many people died from disease, starvation, and lead poisoning. There have also been cases of cannibalism...

Sneha Anne Philip - a mysterious disappearance just before the attacks on the WTC

 Hi! If you came here, then you are probably also a true crime fan like me. I cordially invite you to check out my articles, where you will find detailed information on the most surprising, mysterious, and mostly unexplained disappearances, murders, and other crimes. Some of them are very famous, and you may have heard of them before. Others, quite wrongly, have not yet received the publicity they deserve. I am most interested in relatively recent cases where there is still a chance that the missing person will be found safe and sound. However, it is well known that the first hours after your disappearance are crucial. With each successive 24 hours, the chances of finding the person you are looking for decrease significantly. At the same time, the longer a case remains unresolved, the greater the mystery surrounds it.

Most of the most interesting and bizarre disappearances (and murders) took place in the United States. Perhaps this is due to the fact that they often gain media attention. Materials created in English also have a chance to reach a large group of people. For this reason, most of the stories I describe happened in the USA. However, I will try to tell you about interesting cases from other continents. I am also planning to present some interesting cases from Poland. Is there anything you would like to read about? Please let me know in the comment and I will try to write about it as soon as I can find sources on this topic. I will also be grateful for any comments or tips.

Sneha Anne Philip (October 7, 1969 - pronounced dead September 11, 2001) was an American physician of Indian descent. The woman was last seen on September 10, 2001, at a department store near her apartment in Lower Manhattan. She was also immortalized there by a surveillance camera. It is supposed that Sneha may have returned to her home at night or in the early morning of the following day. Due to the proximity to her apartment and the World Trade Center, and considering her medical training, the missing person's family believes that Philip was killed trying to help victims of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

Sneha Anne Philip was born in India in the state of Kerala. She later moved with her parents to upstate New York. It probably happened during Sneha's childhood, but it is unknown when exactly. The family first settled near the state capital of Albany and then in Hopewell Junction, a small village in Dutchess County.

After graduating from Johns Hopkins University, the woman decided to pursue a medical career and in 1995 she entered the Chicago School of Medicine. There she met Ron Lieberman, a year younger student from Los Angeles, with whom she began dating. They both had hobbies related to art - he loved music and she was interested in painting. Sneha was an intelligent person, knew five languages, and liked to travel.

During her studies, the woman took a one-year break, which she used to explore Italy. She went there for six months and enjoyed the charms of life, but also trained her painting workshop. The idea for the trip, however, came from the fact that Lieberman and Philip wanted to graduate from the university at the same time. It also happened. The couple then moved to New York City, where each began an internship at a hospital. Lieberman worked at the Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx and Philip worked at the Cabrini Medical Center, closer to their small East Village apartment.

The couple got married in May 2000 during a modest celebration in County Dutchess. The ceremony combined the Jewish (groom) and Indian (bride) traditions. Lieberman gave his fiancée a minnu, a traditional Malay wedding pendant in the shape of a golden teardrop with a diamond. Soon after, the couple moved to a larger apartment in Battery Park City.

On September 10, 2001, the day she was last seen, Philip was off. According to her husband, the woman planned to spend the day cleaning the apartment. Two days later, Sneha's family would appear for dinner. The woman also had a two-hour chat with her mother on the internet. The 31-year-old mentioned that she plans to visit the "Windows on the World" restaurant on top of the nearby North Tower of the World Trade Center. In the spring of 2002, a wedding party for a woman's friend was supposed to take place there. It is also known that the doctor received the package she was waiting impatiently for. She was supplied with orchids from Hawaii, and she was delighted to see them.

At around 4 p.m. Sneha left the house. She went to the laundry which was nearby, then went to the Century 21 store. She bought underwear, a dress, tights and bedding there. She paid for everything with an American Express card. Then the woman bought three more pairs of shoes.

A camera in the store recorded her during these purchases. The doctor was also remembered by one of the store's employees. She alleged that Philip was accompanied by a woman who was about 30 years old and possibly also Indian. However, the recordings do not show it nearby. It's hard to say if the Century 21 cashier was wrong or if a woman actually went shopping with the missing woman. If that was the case, she never reported to the police.

Lieberman returned from work after midnight and noticed that his wife was not there. The man thought that she stayed with someone or stayed overnight. It happened to her because she was a social person who had a lot of friends. Sometimes she'd even drop by for a drink with a new acquaintance, so Ron didn't seem particularly bothered by his wife's absence. However, he decided to talk to Sneha about it, so that she would call him in such situations. The man then went to bed as he had to get up early the next morning for work.

A subsequent investigation revealed that around 4:00 a.m. someone called Lieberman's cell phone from the landline in their apartment. Many people emphasize that this is very strange. Interestingly, Ron claims to this day that he does not remember the whole situation. The man thought he might wake up for a moment to check his voicemail.

It is worth noting that it is quite common to use a landline phone to locate a cell phone. This could also be the case here. Often times, when we wake up for a while at night, we don't remember it at all, so it's possible Ron may not have memorized that moment either. However, it was not possible to confirm or exclude this hypothesis with certainty.

Anyway, when the man woke up at 6:30, his wife was still gone. The man was nervous at first, but thought that Sneha was probably staying with Cousin Annu or her brother John. However, he did not have time to check it as he was in a hurry to go to work. He was also reassured that Sneha was also off that day. So she could afford to sleep late. So he ate breakfast, left the house and went to the subway station. Moments after 9:00 am he showed up at work.

Only then did he find out that something terrible had happened. Shortly after 8:45 the plane crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. At first it was considered a terrible accident. Just before 9:05 a second plane crashed into the South Tower. Then people started to think that it was a terrorist attack.

In 2001, many people did not yet have a cell phone. It is also not entirely clear if Sneha had it. Ron had rung their home phone multiple times, anyway. But the answering machine rang each time. After contacting members of Sneha's family, the man learned that they had not seen her either. The anxiety of everyone close to me began to grow.

It wasn't easy for any New Yorker that day to come back to the apartment. The city was in complete chaos and panic. The inhabitants of the metropolis tried desperately to reach their loved ones while dust and darkness engulfed the city. For this reason, it took Ron six hours to travel in an ambulance, which struggled through the city to the cordoned crash site. The couple lived just four blocks from the remains of the Two Towers.

It turned out, however, that Ron could not get inside his apartment building due to the lack of electricity. He managed to ask the neighbors to check if his wife had come home. But no one responded to their knock on the door. The man thanked for trying to help and started looking for accommodation. In the end, he spent the night on a friend's couch. He did not manage to return to the apartment until the next day, on September 12.

A gloomy sight awaited him there. The windows were left open, so all things were covered with gray dust. The pair's two kittens left many paw prints in a thick layer of dust. Inside, however, no signs of Sneha's presence were found. So the search for the 31-year-old began.

It was difficult, however, as Philip was one of the hundreds of people reported missing after the tragic attacks. The woman's family, as well as the relatives of other people who had not been found, began posting leaflets with Sneha's photo all over town.

Philip's case, however, was not directly related to the attacks and hardly anyone cared about it. In order to arouse media attention, the missing woman's brother began to falsely advertise that he had contact with her during the tragic events of September 11. This allowed for more publicity for Sneha's disappearance.

Lieberman also began to act on his own. He called American Express and found out about their credit card being used on September 10. He also placed posters in Century 21 stores. Later that week, a cashier from a Lower Manhattan store called to say she remembered Philip, who had been there frequently. She then told a story about a woman who allegedly had to accompany her on the day of her disappearance.

Since the police assumed that the woman was likely killed in the WTC attack, Lieberman hired private investigator Ken Gallant. The man initially considered the possibility that Philip took advantage of the chaos in New York following the attacks. It was undoubtedly a good opportunity to get away from growing personal problems and start a new life. However, no information was found on her computer's hard drive that would support such plans.

The woman also left her glasses, without which she was unable to function. She used contact lenses from time to time, but the ones she was wearing at the time did not work. For this reason, the woman planned to go for a prescription for new ones.

The woman's passport, driver's license and credit cards were also found in the apartment, with the exception of the American Express card she paid for purchases on the day she disappeared. However, it was never reused.

Gallant and Lieberman finally concluded that the doctor was probably a witness to the tragic events and rushed to the scene to assist the injured, and then died as a result of the collapse of the WTC towers.

Gallant also found evidence that suggests Sneha may have returned to the apartment building in the early morning of September 11. It was a video from cameras located in the hall of their apartment building. Unfortunately, the video has not been made available to the public. The video surveillance reportedly shows a woman entering the building. Then it waits near the elevator and finally leaves after a few minutes.

Due to the strong sunlight, only the silhouette of a woman was accurately captured. Although you can't see her face, her hair and outfit were in line with Philip's appearance the night before, as we know from the Century 21 store footage. The missing person's family also claimed that the unidentified figure was making gestures similar to Sneha's.

The mysterious woman, however, did not have any shopping bags. She was also not accompanied by anyone. Lieberman could not unequivocally identify the person on surveillance as his wife. However, NYPD investigators believed that it was just a missing person.

Police began investigating Sneha's disappearance with considerable delay. It is hardly surprising, however, taking into account the workload due to the enormous amount of similar cases. The findings of the investigators about Philip's life before 9/11 were very interesting.

It turned out that in early 2001, Cabrini Medical Center refused to renew its contract with Sneha. The hospital cited recurring lateness and alcohol issues. Shortly after being informed of the decision, Philip went to the bar with her associates. There was an incident during this foray.

Sneha reported to the police that another intern was groping her in the bar. The prosecutor who investigated the case dismissed it however, the allegation of sexual abuse. Additionally, he accused the doctor of giving false testimony. He offered to drop the prosecution if she dismissed the original complaint, but the woman refused. She also had to spend the night in custody.

On the morning of September 10, a court hearing took place. There was information in the police report that Sneha and her husband were arguing loudly after it ended. Apparently, it was about the woman's problems and her evening outings. Ron reportedly went home himself to get ready for work, and the doctor went the other way. After reviewing all this information, the city's medical examiner removed Philip from the official list of victims in January 2004.

After being dismissed from her job, the 31-year-old began to spend evenings in gay and lesbian bars. According to the police, she would sometimes leave them with the women she met there. Investigators also found out that his brother caught his then-girlfriend having sex with Sneha. Interestingly, John Philip denied such a situation. It should also be added that the siblings quarreled shortly before the doctor's disappearance, and the mentioned incident (if it happened, of course), may have been the cause.

Sneha started another internship at the internal medicine ward at the St. Vincent on Staten Island. However, she encountered similar problems as before. Right from the start, she was suspended for missing a meeting with an addiction counselor.

Philip's husband, brother and family questioned the investigators' findings. They argued that Sneha had been fired from Cabrini not because of alcoholism, but because she openly disagreed with the discrimination on the grounds of race and gender. The hospital later argued that it had never received any complaint on the matter.

Lieberman, in turn, maintained that although his wife had been to lesbian bars, it was because she did not want to repeat the situation with her associate. Ron also believed that his wife had never had sex with the women she visited in their homes in the evenings. They were supposed to just talk, listen to music or paint. The husband of the missing woman also told the story when Sneha returned home in the morning covered with paint after a night devoted to creating a painting together.

The relatives of the missing woman also believed that her drinking was a short episode. In their opinion, this was to improve the mood of the doctor after she was released from the hospital. Brother Philip also added that the report of how he caught her allegedly in bed with his girlfriend was completely fabricated. Moreover, the man maintained that he had never even spoken to the detective who had accessed the information. Ron, in turn, did not agree that there would be a row between them on the day his wife disappeared. The family believed that the police had greatly added color to the events they learned about. According to their relatives, the detectives tried to make up for their previous negligence during the investigation.

In 2003, following an investigation by the NYPD, Ron filed a petition with the inheritance court. The man requested that his wife be officially recognized as a victim of the 9/11 attacks. New York State law requires clear and convincing evidence that the victim was in mortal danger in order for the presumption of her death to apply.

Lieberman believed the wife would rush to the nearby World Trade Center if she were only nearby to help the victims. The missing woman's mother continued to test their online chat, in which she said she intended to visit Windows on the World and perhaps shop at the Trade Center Mall. However, there was no conclusive evidence that she was at or nearby the WTC during the attacks.

On June 29, 2006, Judge Renee Roth ruled that it could not be determined whether Sneha died on September 11. For this reason, she set the date of her death on September 10, 2004, three years after she was reported missing, under state law. The woman's family appealed. She cited the case of Juan Lafuente, another likely victim of the attacks. Like Philip, his fate was based on circumstantial evidence since his disappearance. There are also some similarities between the two.

The man also recently lost his job at IBM, where he worked for 31 years and struggled with depression. As a member of the Volunteer Fire Department in Poughkeepsie, he too could feel called to offer help to victims of attacks. The office of Citibank, the company he then worked for as vice president, was eight blocks from the World Trade Center. Lafuente was reportedly attending a meeting at a restaurant in the North Tower that morning.

Philip's family believed Juan's request was approved by the court because his wife Colette was the mayor of Poughkeepsie at the time, and the case was being heard there, not in Manhattan. There was no compelling evidence of a man at the site of the attacks that morning.

Despite suggesting that the chances of success were slim, Lieberman and the Philip family's lawyer appealed. On January 31, 2008, a five-person panel of judges overruled the previous decision, considering the simplest explanation as the most probable. It was assumed that Sneha had died trying to help the wounded as a result of the 9/11 attacks.

However, the verdict was not unanimous. Judge Bernard Malone Jr. he compared Philip's case with the aforementioned story of Lafuente. He noticed that he had a more predictable daily schedule and a more stable life. He added that there was independent evidence of a meeting at the World Trade Center he might have been on his way to. The judge believed that the degree of speculation was greater in Sneha's case.

Philip was thus officially recognized as the 2751st victim of the collapse of the Twin Towers. Sneha's family buried an urn full of Zero ashes in a cemetery near their home. In July 2008, six months after the appellate court's decision, the family was officially notified by the city that Sneha Anne Philip had been added to the victim list.

It should also be mentioned that no remains of more than 1,000 victims of the attacks on the World Trade Center were found. However, the family still hopes to someday find the jewelry that Sneha was wearing, in particular the diamonds that should survive the extreme temperatures of the burning WTC towers.

Philip's parents kept their daughter's room unchanged at their home in Poughkeepsie. Only a few of Sneha's photos and diplomas have appeared in it. Ron reportedly maintains a good relationship with his former in-laws. The man remarried in 2010 thanks to their urging.

Finally, it is worth adding that the family of the missing person had two compelling reasons to fight for Sneha to be included in the group of victims of the terrorist attacks of September 11. The first is money. Relatives of the victims were receiving a payment from the federal 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund. As all withdrawals had been made and the fund was closed in 2003, Lieberman, however, did not receive any money.

The second issue was certainly the desire to protect the good name of the woman and her relatives. A heroic death while saving the wounded sounds much better than running away from problems with work, alcohol or husband. There is no shortage of opinions that Sneha may have discovered that she is bisexual and no longer loves her husband. Perhaps she wanted to start a new relationship with a woman. It is often emphasized that the work of a doctor was not her dream, but her parents' dream. The missing girl loved art the most, and the profession of a painter would probably bring her the greatest joy.

By the way, I will mention here perhaps the most interesting thread related to this matter. It is linked to the PostSecret project. It is based on the fact that people who want to share their thoughts, secrets or dreams send hand-made postcards to its creators.

The blog was created in 2005 and new works are published on it every Sunday. In 2012, i.e. after Sneha was officially declared dead, attention was drawn to one special page that interested everyone familiar with the case of Philip.

It shows the two WTC towers on fire and the caption "Everyone who knew me before 9/11 Believes I'm Dead." (Everyone who knew me through 9/11 thinks I'm dead.) It fits perfectly with Sneha's case, assuming she actually wanted to get away from her life so far. On the other hand, it could also be a grim joke from someone who was aware that the postcard was likely to be linked to the doctor's disappearance.

One thing's for sure - the surveillance photos and credit card transactions at Century 21 are the latest verified evidence of Philip's presence. Her further fate after leaving the store is only a guess. To this day, unfortunately, it has not been possible to find out the truth of what happened to the missing woman.

The dark side of the moon - what's on it? We reveal the secrets of the invisible side of the moon

 Why is the dark side of the moon so fascinating? What do we know about her? For the first time in over 40 years, the invisible part of the Silver Globe has been studied by Chinese astrophysicists. What data does the Yutu 2 rover provide? We present the secrets of Luna.

The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth that has focused human eyes and thoughts for centuries, and its exploration has become the goal of many space missions. The Silver Globe orbits synchronously with our planet, which means we always only see one side of it. This is why his unknown dark face is so puzzling. When Soviet astrophysicists managed to take a picture of the invisible part of the Moon in 1959, we learned that the surface of the other hemisphere was different from that facing our planet.

While the visible part of the Moon is covered by the so-called basalt seas, on the other hand, there are almost all the highlands. Space activities, the purpose of which was to explore the satellite, ended with lunar walks on its visible side. Although the astronauts had the opportunity to land in the other hemisphere during the Apollo 17 mission, they were instructed to select a part of the moon that was already known. For this reason, the invisible side of the celestial body remains a mystery to us, although the recent actions of Chinese astronomers provide a large dose of knowledge about it - but more on that in a moment.

Our satellite feels very close to Earth, especially when we can observe Luna at a full moon. This is because its diameter is just over a quarter that of the Earth, and the Moon itself is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It takes about 50 hours for cosmonauts to reach the nearest solid celestial body, despite the relative impression of a short distance.

Due to the fact that the Silver Globe moves in an elliptical orbit, its distance from the center of the Earth changes over the course of a month. The minimum distance at perigee is 363,104 km and reaches 405,696 km at its apogee. The distance of the Earth from the Moon is therefore variable. The total circuit of Luna around the Earth takes 27.3 days, but it may extend by about 2 days. An interesting fact related to the phases of the moon is undoubtedly the so-called The Blue Moon is the second full moon in one month. Note - the satellite does not glow blue then, but the name emphasizes the uniqueness of the event.

It is worth noting that the term "dark side of the moon" is reserved for the part of the globe that is not illuminated in certain phases, which remains shaded and in the sky we see, for example, a boat. The side of the satellite facing the earth is called the visible side, and the other hemisphere is called the invisible one. The fact that we cannot see the other side of the globe does not mean that it remains unlit. It reaches as much sunlight as it does to the visible side of the moon.

A curiosity that concerns astrophysicists is the almost complete absence of basalt seas in the satellite's invisible hemisphere. When we observe Luna from Earth, we see dark spots that were considered seas by the ancient explorers of the celestial spheres. These are actually areas of solidified magma, but only 2% of them on the far side of the moon. The reason for this distribution of basalt has not yet been found, but it is already known that the visible side of the satellite is covered with deposits of radioactive elements to a much greater extent than the other hemisphere.

Our planet's moon was repeatedly researched and explored at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s, while after the completion of the Apollo series of missions, further studies were discontinued until the 21st century. One of the biggest curiosities about our satellite, which has occupied researchers for years, is the so-called the dark side of the moon. Since the Soviet unmanned space probe Luna 3 in 1959 of the last century took a picture of the "other" side of the Silver Globe, astronomers have asked a lot of questions about the genesis of the radically different appearance of the two hemispheres of the satellite.

In 1965, pictures of the far side of the moon were taken again. The Soviet probe Zond 3, which was supposed to be a technical probe, was sent into space to conduct a series of scientific studies. During the flight, the probe took 25 photos. Thanks to it, about 1,000 craters have been identified, and it has been proven that the sea areas on the other side of the moon are not aligned with magma, but covered with numerous craters. Additional information allowed us to conclude that our satellite has very low UV radiation.

Since only 12 people have walked the moon so far, and no manned satellite exploration mission has been carried out since 1972, there are many conspiracy theories about its unexplored side. The most popular of these concerns the existence of a developed extraterrestrial civilization. Why would aliens exist on the moon? The theory is closely related to the course of the Apollo 11 mission, during which, allegedly, Armstrong himself experienced a visual encounter with a UFO, as evidenced by recordings of conversations with the command station during the flight.

Another interesting theory is the one that talks about the invisible side of the moon as the place where ancient civilizations settled. It is known for a long time that the lunar cult in Egyptian and Aztec circles was of great importance. Hence there are speculations that these people, sensing the collapse of their earthly civilizations, settled on the moon. Theories related to the lunar cult also talk about the existence of ancient gods on the unexplored side of the Silver Globe. How is it really? Until recently, we could only speculate, but Chinese astrophysicists finally decided to investigate the unknown.

In 2019, the Yutu 2 rover (Jade Rabbit 2), as the first probe in history, landed softly on an undiscovered part of the Moon. From then until April 2021, he traveled a distance of approx. 700 m, collecting geological information on the satellite's surface. It has been established so far that the surface of the satellite is multi-layered and composed of various types of rocks. Experts recognize that the Lunar Penetrating Radar could provide vital information on the evolution of our Moon and thus confirm the well-known theory of the big collision.

Yutu 2's research could help to finally elucidate the presence of basalt seas and radioactive elements on the satellite's surface. The mission led by Chinese astronomers is not limited to studying the area. Cotton seeds and yeast kernels were sent to the moon to see if any kind of cultivation would be possible under the conditions there. However, the unfavorable temperature differences do not allow any plants to grow.

Despite its setback, studying the potential for growth of any kind of organism yields much specific data that could help humanity build space colonization plans. It is worth noting that the experiments conducted on the Silver Globe showed the presence of trace amounts of water in the rocks there - molecules of oxygen and hydrogen were detected during the Apollo series of missions, but it was then found that they found their way into the materials obtained on the Moon after leaving it.

Will the new data provided by the Jade Rabbit help us better understand the cosmos? Maybe the traces of life in space will finally be discovered. If not, resuming research on the moon will have many answers and help us better prepare for the visionaries' planned colonization of distant planets. One thing is for sure - the secrets of the invisible side of the satellite are slowly being learned, and this is a huge step for researchers of celestial bodies.

Monday, March 28, 2022

The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Special Edition - game review

Eleven years have passed since players first embarked on a journey through Skyrim, one of the top-rated games of 2011. Over twenty million copies sold did not satisfy the publisher's appetite, and therefore Bethesda's production can also be experienced by PS4 and XOne owners. Is The Elder Scrolls V still worth attention?



I will answer this question now. If you've been through this adventure, you've also beaten numerous expansions, and on top of that on a powerful PC, there's nothing new for you in Skyrim: Special Edition. Have you had the opportunity to check the version for PlayStation 3 or Xbox 360? Perhaps it is worth trying the current-genes edition, which looks much better and can boast a full Polish language version. And if this is your first attempt at this title, know that you couldn't have hit a better place.

The fifth chapter of The Elder Scrolls is a typical representative of the western school of RPG games, where the most important thing is broadly understood freedom and the ability to create your own adventure. Skyrim is a classic road game because the journey itself is the most important here, not the destination. This, of course, translates into a storyline, which takes about forty hours to complete, but nothing prevents you from ignoring the main missions and focusing on other activities, while still having a great time. The action of the game takes place two hundred years after the events of Oblivion, the studio's previous game. The realm of Skyrim is a place of conflict between the Empire and its opponents, together with whom we are going to meet the executioner in the first sequence of the game. After creating a character in an extensive editor, a dragon unexpectedly saves us from under the ax, a creature in this universe almost mythical. Soon after, it turns out that the hero we lead is actually the Dragonborn, i.e. a person capable of fighting dragons, knowing their language, and being able to take over their power. Although the story is followed with interest, especially since we shape it to a large extent, the script is full of genre clichés, the interactions between the characters are poorly drawn, and the dialogues are at best correct. Both the story and the narrative do not start with such The Witcher 3, fortunately, the reviewed item has other advantages. The brightest point of Bethesda's game is undoubtedly the great freedom that the developer offers.



As I already mentioned, you can skip the main story quests, completely losing yourself in the possibilities offered by the huge game world. Although completing certain story-related quests opens up new side missions, it is still just a drop in the ocean of attractions. We are happy to talk to the encountered NPCs and carry out their orders or requests? Great. We murder wanderers for nothing to do with human life? We must therefore be prepared for an unpleasant party in the nearest town, where the guards can start chasing us and even throw us into the dungeon. Are some opponents troubling us? So let's make a friendship with someone on the trail to deal with the duo adversary. In many places, we can join a guild and as new members complete new missions. We don't like the activities of its members? So it's time to kill them. Do you have the soul of a digital vagabond? So visit towns and villages, catching up on different jobs. With a bit of luck, you might even get married. And when you get bored, you can go out into the world robbing travelers or hunting game. Exploring Skyrim is pure pleasure, as a new quest, a chatty NPC, or an undiscovered spot is hiding almost everywhere. Greater distances can be traveled on the horse's back or using fast travel points. After several hundred hours spent in the world of Geralt, you missed a game that you should turn on from time to time just to visit a few points on the map? The Elder Scrolls V is a great option, even despite the fact that the side activities are not filled with the story sweets to the same extent as the adventures of the gray-haired one.

We observe the action from the first-person perspective, for which the combat system was designed, so I quickly gave up the optional TPP view. As in every action game, fighting is an activity that we repeat most often. I have mixed feelings about this. On the one hand, the system offers a lot of possibilities. We can use both the right and the left hand, so nothing prevents us from using both a sword and magic at the same time. Or assign a different type of spell to each hand. Or use two blades in combat. Only we decide how we will deal with the problems, and what is equally important - the broadly understood fight has been skillfully coupled with the development of the character. "If you do something a lot, you get better at it" is the Skyrim rule. Combined with a transparent statistics system, the ability to select perks, and a well-thought-out defense, we create a character that fights in the style that suits us best. Unfortunately, when using melee weapons, you don't feel the power of the blows at all, despite the nice animations of brutal finishers. Even when wielding an ax, I felt as if I was hitting my opponents with a broomstick. On the plus side, I have a rich bestiary - it's worth experimenting with because there is an effective way for practically every type of enemy. Unfortunately, I was also a little disappointed here, because the clashes with dragons - the game's showcase - are schematic and not a big challenge. The world map and numerous menus could be more intuitive, which should be improved in the remaster, but there are more important problems in this world.

The "stand" can provide entertainment for over two hundred hours, and yet the Special Edition also includes three previously released DLC. Hearthfire is the smallest and weakest addition to Skyrim. The main attraction here is ... building a house. We can only put it in specific places, and we have no influence on such basic issues as the style of the building or the arrangement of furniture in the room. Optionally, we can adopt a child from an orphanage and put them in our nest, but the whole fun comes down to exchanging a few lines of dialogue with the toddler. Dawnguard fares much better, opening up the possibility of joining new guilds, and ultimately - turning into a vampire. Taking into account the main and non-compulsory missions, this expansion offers a total of approximately fifteen hours of gameplay. The developer made even more effort with the latest expansion, Dragonborn, which is the only DLC in which we visit a completely new land. The map is not particularly large but full of stories and optional activities. The climate here is clearly different, and several dungeons evoke associations with the phenomenal Bloodborne. The ability to travel on the backs of dragons was promoted as a strong point of the program, but this element is a bit disappointing, mainly due to the control restrictions. Several interesting characters have been written for sweetness, especially one female. After all, Dragonborn remains the most interesting and comprehensive addition to Skyrim - mastering it is a job for over twenty hours.

The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - Special Edition is not a least-resistance remaster, and unfortunately it is not a revival that this title should receive. When I look at releases such as Metro: Redux or Gears of War: Ultimate Edition, I can only imagine how Skyrim would look like this. Despite the larger and smaller fetters related to the combat system and quest construction, TES V is still in a very good position, offering an incredible amount of attractions at a decent price. If you haven't played yet, attack and you might be lost in the world of Skyrim all fall.

Pros:

  • A huge world full of attractions
  • Freedom with a capital "S"
  • DLC included
  • Coked visual setting
  • Fantastic music track

Cons:

  • The game reveals its age at every turn
  • Bugs and glitches from older versions

London's Secret Life (Urban Legends)

 There is the Black Volga in Poland, Americans are afraid of the famous crocodiles in city sewers.

Each country and city has its own urban legends. London too has its secrets, and city legends are passed down from generation to generation, taking more and more improbable forms.

For the first time, descriptions of this monster appeared in Victorian England. First, the terrifying creature attacked several women who, in fear, only noticed that it was making long jumps and had claws instead of hands. A merchant who returned from work on a cold evening in 1837 looked at him better. The creature leapt several meters on the high wall of the cemetery, and before it disappeared, in the moonlight it showed its diabolical face with a hooked nose, pointed ears, and eyes glowing in the darkness.

Soon reports leaked to the press, in which the aggressor was referred to as Spring-Heeled Jack - sober-minded editors decided that it was clearly a man with springs built into his heels, which was supposed to allow him to jump. When The Times reported the matter, hundreds of letters began pouring into the editorial office from people terrified of meeting the mysterious demon. The mayor of London awarded a £ 5,000 reward for capturing the beast (the equivalent of £ 300,000 today), but Jack's Spring-Heeled has not been found to this day. The last reports come from the beginning of the 20th century, although later newspapers in the Czech Republic, the USA, and India wrote about a similar essence. No wonder the Victorian era gave us authors like Charles Dickens or Arthur Conan Doyle - inspiration was present at every turn.

One of London's most famous urban legends, however, concerns Tower London. The fortress was the seat of the rulers of England for years, but today it is only a monument and a museum. Six ravens (and one "spare") have lived in the highest tower for many years. Legend has it that when the ravens fly away, the kingdom of Great Britain will fall, so the birds have their wings cut and the fortress workers take care of their food. And although guides are eager to say that ravens have lived in the tower since the Middle Ages, in fact, they did not appear until the end of the 19th century, and it was then that an incredible legend arose about their influence on the shape of the country. Why do the birds still live in the tower and are so much loved by the British? Well, thousands of tourists flock every day to see the famous ravens, so it's not in anyone's interest to get rid of them.

It's the same with ghosts. More than a dozen of them officially live in the city, and several hundred nameless people are located in cemeteries, old churches, and hotels. Every year tourists come from all over the world just to see the famous London ghosts with their own eyes. Among them are such unusual ghosts as this ... chicken. According to the legends, Francis Bacon - a politician and philosopher - 1626 came close to discovering that cold preserves meat. To prove this definitively, a friend and a friend went for a walk to Highgate Hill one January morning, where he bought a chicken, gutted it, and stuffed it with snow. By a fatal coincidence, during this walk, he caught a cold so badly that a few days later he died. Since then, a white ghost in the shape of a chicken has been haunting the area, and the last reports about it come from the 1970s. In turn, at a bend near Cambridge Gardens, from time to time at 13:15, a ghost bus appears exactly in the place where the tragic crash occurred in the 1930s. Hotels and pubs also boast about their ghosts, and their centuries-old history and gloomy Victorian architecture make the stories even more likely.

Camden Town is another district that has become legendary. Today, tourists flock from all over the world to hear the latest urban legends about which bar was founded by Blur, where drugs were bought and consumed by Amy Winehouse, and where the most famous British rock musicians fisted. A large part of today's favorite celebrity pubs was built in the 19th century.

"When the bar was built, it was said that the first owner had to remove from today's basement hundreds of skeletons of victims buried there during the Black Plague," says one legend, 82-year-old Eastnor Castle pub owner, Charlie Winters. This is why no bartender working in the underground room lasted long, and items in the bar move spontaneously.

Located a few streets away, The World's End has been operating continuously since 1778, although then it had a different name - Dirty Old Town. The club's underground disco is said to be haunted and it is not known whether the pub's customers see the hangmen floating in the air, because of the place's inglorious past, or because of an excess of interest. The fact is that before the pub was built here, there were gallows in its place, and the convicts in the basement awaited their sentence. They had their last sip of water where Camden Town Tube Station is today.

Anyway, almost every London station has its own ghost or chilling story, and most of the millions of passengers traveling on the tube are not even aware of the dark stories being told about it. And can the ghost stories in the subway be true? It turns out ... yes. Many church crypts and forgotten cemeteries were breached during the construction of the extended London Underground, and many accidental deaths and suicides occurred over the decades. So if someone believes in unquiet spirits, he will find them there. In the documentary "Ghost of the London Underground" produced by Channel 5, underground workers talk about strange work accidents. They happened to meet people dressed in historical clothes at the station, even though the metro is closed at night and random people cannot get there.

Another story was told by Andy Harknes, who worked in the subway for 35 years. In 1982, he made a night tour of the Bank station, the construction of which began with the no longer existing entrance to the crypt standing on the surface of the church. In 1900, the coffins with the bodies were removed and placed where the ticket controllers' room is today.

- I was tasked with checking all elevators, even the old, unused ones, with wooden doors - he says. "I checked the oldest elevator, there was no one in it, so I locked it." As I walked away, I heard a knock on the door. It wasn't the wind, no one was with me, so I thought it was impossible. I continued walking to the controllers' room. I pushed open the heavy two-door door and walked in through it. There wasn't the slightest gust of wind. Suddenly the door slammed shut. It was the last time I worked at this station. There are dozens of similar stories.

The most famous story, however, concerns a ghost train that left Whitechapel station towards the Royal London Hospital through a tunnel walled up today, carrying dead passengers. The myth dates back to the early twentieth century, when plagues, lack of hygiene, poverty and crime resulted in enormous numbers of people dying daily in the streets, transported to hospitals and to cemeteries by every possible route. For the inhabitants of the city of that time, such a story probably sounded like this and it grew into the local color so much that it is told by guides to tourists to this day. Especially that the Whitechapel station still has its gloomy fame, which it owes to Jack the Ripper - a historical figure who in 1888 actually murdered women in the area.

The mysterious stories about the subway are also fostered by the fact that in London there are a lot of abandoned stations and corridors (such as the Strand or Holborn station), closed due to the introduction of new trains for which tunnels were not adapted, poor condition of the stations, expansion of the city in a different direction or savings. According to legends, such stations are home to giant rats, drug addicts have their underground city there or simply homeless people live there.

"The spread is large: from ghosts to cannibals," sum up the people of London, each of whom has heard dozens of such stories. The tunnels from the beginning of the 20th century, which have never been opened, stimulate the imagination in particular ...

Are there any emigration accents among the city legends? Of course! A popular rumor has it that immigrants are chasing pigeons and ducks en masse in London, roasting rats living in the sewers and catching carp in the ponds. This is obviously a gross exaggeration, but this is how an urban legend is born. Indeed, employees of organizations dealing with the homeless described a few years ago cases of emigrants who ate boiled rats or carp caught in the park, but it is hardly a mass phenomenon.

It was similar with "pigeons in Chinese booths" in Poland - 11 years ago, pigeon meat was found in one "Chinese booth" at the infamous (and no longer existing) 10th Anniversary Stadium. Legends about dogs, cats and pigeons in Vietnamese food still circulate today as a warning all over Poland. This is how the rumor arises. Similarly, from time to time, the story of a Pole who woke up in one of London's parks exhausted without remembering what happened the previous night is passed on from mouth to mouth. It turned out that ... an unknown gang cut his kidney out. However, this is international urban mythology, because the same stories circulate around Budapest, New York, Moscow, and New Delhi. And, of course, there will be those everywhere who swear to know the hero of the story personally.

Many city legends also come from a linguistic misunderstanding. The next generation of English youth passes on with fear in their eyes that the name of the Kingsbury district comes from the fact that the houses in it are situated in the place where kings were buried ("bury"). This is not true - the name comes from King's burgh, meaning the royal city. It is similar to the Kilburn region - although residents whisper that the first British Catholics were killed and buried here, in fact only the bourn that flowed here before the city expanded for good.

Currently, British teenagers are telling themselves a story about a girl who got on the subway, and two men and a woman sat down in front of her. They all looked like drug addicts. As the subway started, a stranger approached her, greeted her, and then whispered in her ear - get out at the next station! - The stunned girl obeyed the advice, seeing that the man was also getting off and not wanting to be left alone with the suspicious company. As they got out, the man explained to her that he had seen two men drag a dead woman into the subway and seat her between them. There was a knife in the back of her head.

As is usually the case with such stories, the tellers convince each other that it is pure truth. One claims that it happened to his cousin, another that he personally knows the girl who is the protagonist of this story. This is a feature of this type of story. Is it all true? We'll probably never know that. And that's it!

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