What needs does human have? Maslow's hierarchy of needs

 Every human being has needs, one of the philosophers said: "First you have to live, then you can philosophize".

This means that the first need of every human being is life.

The young man still does not know what can happen to him in life. One thing is certain that the life of each of us depends on ourselves.

"You must be the blacksmith of your fate"

Being a smith of fate means knowing what you want, what you want to achieve in life and striving to achieve selected goals, not waiting for "manna from heaven".

What needs does a person have?

Every day, every human being satisfies a number of needs: breathing, eating, drinking, dressing, washing, sleeping, etc.

These basic needs are not thought of, they keep a person alive. A man also has many other needs, e.g. to go to the Caribbean, to have a car or to be appreciated by people, to be admired, accepted, safe, free, independent, self-reliant, to have friends, to perform an important function, to fulfill oneself, to develop in every respect.

These are all needs.

All needs, regardless of type and place in the hierarchy, have three characteristics:

•   diversity,
•   unlimited,
•   variability in time and space.

What needs does a person have?

A need is a state (or process, i.e. a constant feeling) of lacking something. The feeling of lack of something triggers the motivation to act to fill the existing gap.

In psychology, the state of lack of something is called tension, and the process of filling this lack, i.e. satisfying the existing need, is called the process of regulation.

Detailed needs can be combined into needs groups and arranged in a specific hierarchy. One such concept is Maslow's pyramid of needs.

Needs can be grouped in a different way, which can be expressed in three words:

BE - HAVE - LOVE

Hierarchy of needs

• Transcendence or the highest level, confirmation of the existence of higher beings - spiritual needs.
• Self-actualization, i.e. the need to have goals, the need to fulfill one's potential - the need for self-actualization - are expressed in the human desire to develop possibilities.
• Aesthetic needs, i.e. the need for harmony and beauty.
• Cognitive needs, i.e. the need for knowledge, understanding, novelty.
• Respect, i.e. the need to trust oneself, self-esteem, competence, respect - the need for recognition (respect) and prestige in one's own eyes and in the eyes of other people.

Hierarchy of needs

1. Belonging (needs for bonding, affiliation, love and being loved) occur in attempts to overcome loneliness, elimination and strangeness, tendencies to establish close intimate relationships, participation in group life, and striving to form gangs.
2. Affiliation (Latin affilatio - adoption, inclusion in the family) - behavior consisting in establishing and maintaining positive contacts and cooperation by an individual or group, organization with other groups and organizations.
3. Security (dependence, care and support, protection, the need for comfort, peace, freedom from fear) stimulates action, ensuring inviolability, reveals itself when previous habits turn out to be of little use.
4. Physiological needs (lowest level, food, water, oxygen, sexual needs, lack of tension) when not satisfied, dominate over all other needs, push them to the background and determine the course of human behavior.

Change of needs

The severity of needs and the way they are met varies from person to person and can change with age.

Higher-order needs emerge gradually as a person develops. The hierarchy of needs itself is also subject to individualization.

The hierarchy of needs may depend on the type of personality, e.g. people with a choleric temperament will have a particularly developed need for domination, which will compensate for their unsatisfied needs for self-realization.

Factors affecting the change in the hierarchy of needs:

•   personality, character,
•   age,
•   the current degree of needs satisfaction,
•   family and professional situation.

Motives of human activity

Motives should be understood as internal factors (feelings, views, aspirations) that stimulate a person to act and give direction to his activity.

The basis for the classification of motives are human needs. Therefore, motives related to physiological, safety, social, recognition, and self-actualization needs are distinguished.

Due to the nature of the motives, personal motives are distinguished, which determine actions leading to obtaining only one's own benefits. If, however, a person's actions are guided by the common good, opinions and judgments of others, one can talk about social motives.

Motives that stimulate action are usually called impulses.

Factors affecting the motives of human activity:

•   feelings,
•   views,
•   aspirations.